Free-Reed Renaissance

Allan Atlas

Contributions to the Concertina Library by Allan Atlas.

atlas-ladies The Victorian Concertina: Some Issues Relating to Performance
by Allan W. Atlas
Present-day players of the ‘English’ concertina must make a number of important decisions when delving into and performing the large repertory of art music that was written for the instrument in Victorian England. These decisions become especially critical for those who would perform the music in a manner that may at least approximate the way it may have sounded in the nineteenth century. Originally published in Nineteenth-Century Music Review, 3/2 (2006), 30 pages including photographs and musical examples. Briefly, there are three basic decisions to be made. The first two concern the choice of instrument: (1) modern instrument or period (Victorian) instrument; and (2) if the latter, what kind of instrument in terms of reeds (type of metal), tuning, structure of the bellows and number of buttons. The third decision, on the other hand, has to do with a fundamental question of playing technique: should we use three or four fingers of each hand?
Posted 15 November 2007
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atlas-ladies Ladies in the Wheatstone Ledgers: the Gendered Concertina in Victorian England, 1835–1870
by Allan W. Atlas
This study looks at the 978 women for whom there are 1,769 transactions—about 12% of the total—recorded in nine extant Wheatstone & Co. sales ledgers that list the firm’s day-to-day sales from April 1835 to May 1870. It is in two parts: (1) an Introduction, which analyses the data presented in the Inventory from a demographic-sociological point of view and places Wheatstone’s commerce with women into the context of its business activity as a whole; and (2) the Inventory (with three appendices), which lists every transaction for each of the 978 women, identifies as many of them as possible, and offers a miscellany of comments about both the women and the transactions. Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle v. 39 (2006). 239 pages. Briefly, the roster of Wheatstone’s female customers reads like a list of Victorian England’s rich-and-famous: the Duchess of Wellington and 146 other members of the titled aristocracy (more than twice as many as their male counterparts), the fabulously wealthy philanthropist Angela Burdett Coutts, members of the landed gentry, and such mainstays of London’s musical life as the guitarist Madame R. Sidney Pratten, the organist Elizabeth Mounsey, and the contralto Helen Charlotte Dolby, as well as a large number of Professors of Concertina.
Posted 21 March 2007
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shipman-baker Ms Mary Baker with Concertina, c. 1857
Notes by Pat Shipman
Mary Baker (d. 1882) seems to be the only woman named in the Wheatstone Concertina Ledgers (listed in Allan W. Atlas, “Ladies in the Wheatstone Ledgers”) whom we can see with her concertina in hand, in a daguerreotype dated c. 1857. Mary Baker’s brother (Samuel Baker) with his second wife explored central Africa in search of the source of the Nile, and discovered Lake Albert in 1864, for which he was knighted in 1866. As published in PICA [Papers of the International Concertina Association], Vol. 3 (2006), pp. 36-37. Better-quality colour photographs have been substituted for those originally published.
Posted 21 March 2007
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atlas-41-cent-emendation A 41-Cent Emendation: A Textual Problem in Wheatstone's Publication of Giulio Regondi’s Serenade for English Concertina and Piano
by Allan W. Atlas
In Wheatstone & Co.’s 1859 publication of Regondi’s Serenade, there is one note that is at least highly suspect—surely the most interesting wrong or questionable note in the entire repertory of Victorian art music for the English concertina. This appears to be the only instance—regardless of period or instrument—in which what is likely the correct emendation of a wrong (or at least suspect) note is driven entirely by the temperament/tuning of the instrument for which it was written. The original version of this article appeared in Early Music, Vol. xxxiii, No. 4 (November 2005), pages 609–618, published by Oxford University Press.
Posted 01 February 2006
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atlas-regondis-golden-exercise Signor Alsepti and “Regondi’s Golden Exercise”
by Allan Atlas
Discussion and explanation with new fingering of a celebrated excercise from James Alsepti's English tutor, published by Lachenal c. 1895, with the explanation “The following exercise, which has never before been published, was taught to Signor Alsepti by Regondi. It is very difficult for all instruments, especially the Concertina, and to thoroughly master it with the correct fingering &c. will enable the Pupil to play passages in all keys.”. As published in Concertina World 426 supplement (2003) pp. 1-8.
Posted 22 December 2003
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atlas-regondi-two-letters Giulio Regondi: Two Newly Discovered Letters
by Allan W. Atlas
Although Giulio Regondi was the foremost virtuoso of the English concertina, much about his life and career remains obscure. Two previously unnoticed letters deserve our attention. As published in The Free-Reed Journal, 4 (2002) 70-84.
Posted 01 September 2003
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regondi Wheatstone, His Sighing Reed, and The Great Regondi
Presented by Bernard Richardson
BBC programme on the history and music of the English concertina, focusing on its inventor Sir Charles Wheatstone and the first concertina virtuoso Giulio Regondi. In addition to the presenter, Bernard Richardson, the program features (in order of appearance) Allan Atlas, Neil Wayne, Brian Bowers, Alistair Anderson, Douglas Rogers, Jenny Cox, and Dave Townsend. BBC Radio4 programme broadcast 27 November 2007. Includes links to audio files of the entire programme in WMA format and MP3 format.
Posted 27 November 2007
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atlas-collins-countfosco Collins, Count Fosco, and the Concertina
by Allan W. Atlas
The Victorian novelist Wilkie Collins had a very definite model in mind for Count Fosco in The Woman in White: the virtuoso concertinist Giulio Regondi. As published in Wilkie Collins Society Journal, N.S. 2 (1999) 56-61. The same article is available in PDF format reproducing the published article.
Posted 15 August 2003
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atlas-george-gissings-concertina George Gissing's Concertina
by Allan W. Atlas
Considers the ways in which the late-Victorian novelist George Gissing used the concertina as a prop in a number of novels and short stories. As published in The Journal of Musicology, XVII no. 2 (Spring 1999) 304-318.
Posted 15 September 2003
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atlas-church-bells Imitation of Church Bells and Organ, arranged by Henri Albano
by Allan W. Atlas
Notes on and reproduction of music for one of the perennial staples of concertina performance. As published in The Free-Reed Journal, 3 (2001) 108-112.
Posted 15 January 2005
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atlas-contemplating Contemplating the Concertina: An Historically-Informed Tutor for the English Concertina
by Allan Atlas
This is the first tutor for the English concertina intended specifically for intermediate and advanced players. It is written with an eye toward both the history of the instrument and how it has been played since Victorian times. Examples and exercises include music—both “classical” and “folk”—from the seventeenth century to the present day. Chapters deal with holding the instrument (with illustrations), manipulating the bellows (the most extensive discussion in print), single-note technique, and playing chords and contrapuntal textures. Published by The Button Box, Amherst, Massachusetts, from whom it can be ordered over the web.
Posted 01 October 2003
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csfri-site Center for the Study of Free-Reed Instruments
by Allan Atlas
The CSFRI, part of the Doctoral Program in Music at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, is a resource for the scholarly study of all free-reed instruments (sheng, harmonica, accordion, etc.) and contains much of interest to concertinists. The site has news of upcoming concerts, and a listing of books, articles, recordings, and research material available at the Center's archives. CSFRI published The Free-Reed Journal (four volumes, 1999–2003), and now co-publishes the Papers of the International Concertina Association (PICA) with the ICA (2004–  ).

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Posted 15 February 2003
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Gargoyle on Ottawa's Peace Tower
Gargoyle playing concertina,
high on Peace Tower,
Parliament Hill, Ottawa